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Sex Education Messages In The MediaThe media should not be blamed for the sexuality of americanyouth. First concern in sexual activity is to a fault much media. Television issomething that kids watch all the time. Television shows that show sexualactivity and children pick up on those events quickly. Teenagers dream aboutmarrying someone who is unspoiled looking and has money and then starting afamily with them. A lot of teens watch soap operas and romantic shows. Teens see kids, their age, having sex and getting pregnant and they appreciate theycan do it, too. Pargonnts should watch what types of TV shows and movies thattheir children are watching. TV commercials are explicit when it comes toshowing sex. Teens can pick up ideas about sex from commercials. such(prenominal) as,the Trojan Man and the Durex commercials shown frequently on MTV andother stations. The media could be more discrete about that sort of materialon the airwaves. In light of these statistics, it would come o ut that thenonjudgemental/safe-sex approach can add up to a dangerous combination.Dr. Theresa Crenshaw, a past president of the American Association of SexEducators, Counselors and Therapists, in testimony in the lead a Housesubcommittee in February 1987, said, To say that the use of condoms issafe sex is in fact playing Russian roulette. A lot of people go out die in thisdangerous game. Yet despite warnings like this, schoolteachers routinelypresent homosexuality to their students as just another option about whichthey moldiness decide for themselves (Kilpatrick 598). On the other hand, withthe popular television show, Ellen, the main character and the actress whoplayed her, Ellen Degenerous, was an open lesbian. This views homosexualsas nice, fun loving people and not the dislike figures that some communityactivists portray them as. In turn, the media can be a blessing to the audaciouscommunity because they show the lighter side of their sexual preference. thusly again, some parents view this as a wrong statement and refuse to lettheir children watch this display. Another show is Will and Grace, Will is agay man living with his friend Grace. This show was aired after the Ellenshow was cancelled because of its bad ratings after she came out into thelimelight with her secret. succor concern in the media. All sorts of teens and womensmagazines that are in stores today are filled with sex and what types ofprotection to use. Parents should watch what their kids are reading.

US-Latin America Essay -- Politics, Dominican Republic

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, the unify States was the most dominant power in the Western Hemisphere. European nations conceded to the joined States their right of any intervention in the Western Hemisphere and allowed the United States to do whatever they wanted. The United States took this newly bestowed power and abused it. The United States intervened in many Latin American countries and imposed their policies on to these countries against their will. A perfect example of this aggression is what occurred in the Dominican Republic in 1904. The United States intervened in this sovereign nation and took control of their economy and custom houses. A memorandum from Francis B. Loomis, the United States Assistant Secretary of State, to the Secretary of States illustrates the United States goals, interests, attitudes and assumptions in the Dominican Republic and how the United States policy makers felt towards Latin America during this time period.The United States had a wide variety of goals and interests in the Dominican Republic and in Latin America. In the Dominican Republic, Americans were heavily invested in the Dominicans industries. Americans invested in an area of six million dollars just in the Sugar industry alone (Loomis 2). And the original American investments in the Dominican Republic of an important and active sort are estimated to be worth some twenty million dollars (Loomis 2). Also, many American citizens owned and operated many vast and major plantations and railroads in the Dominican Republic. American citizens owned and operated 60 miles of important line of railway (Loomis 3). Also at Sosua, the American company, United Fruit Company owned some twenty thousand acres of land which... ...l power in Latin American. The United States didnt rent in classic direct imperialism which is colonialism, but engage in indirect imperialism which focused on controlling and intervening in the economic and social institutions o f Latin America. The United States only cared for their economic well-being. They didnt care the suffering the people of Latin America were going through. The United States only cared that their economic interests were thriving in Latin America. The policies the United States government undertook clearly show this. The policies of Roosevelts corollary and Tafts dollar diplomacy only mention the United States interests. There is nothing about the Latin Americans interests and well-being. Many people suffered because of the United States policy that only supported and protected the rich and powerful corporations.

Fitzgeralds Exploration of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby Essa

Fitzgeralds Exploration of the American Dream in The outstanding GatsbyF. Scott Fitzgeralds novel, The massive Gatsby, is a one of the best stories written during a chaotic period in our nations history, The Jazz Age. The Twenties were a time of sociable experiments, self-indulgence, and dissatisfaction for majority of Americans. Fitzgerald depicts all these characteristics throughout the novel with his interesting themes, settings, and characters. The most elaborate and symbolic character Fitzgerald presents to his readers is Jay Gatsby. Fitzgerald uses Gatsby as a vehicle to explore the idea of The American Dream, which was a key element in shaping American society and its citizens. Fitzgerald does not sugar-coat his definition of the American Dream, but lets his protagonist voice these elements and its decline, gainsay the reader to explore the true nature of America in the 1920s. Jay Gatsby, like many average Americans, has a dream of becoming successful and noble. In The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby decides to pursue The American Dream as a young adult. Gatsby came from a poor social class, which forced him to work hard even though he would receive no high status in life. Gatsby knew this, but always remained very ambitious and refused to settle for a life of janitors work. It wasnt until Jay was 17 years old when he found his real inspiration to become successful. Before World War I, Jay Gatsby met Daisy and fell instantly in savour with her. Unfortunately for Ga...

Comparing Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and The Song of Roland Essay

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and The Song of Roland           In mythological Europe, proud heroes abounded whereever one could choose to roam.  There are hundreds of tales of knights who embodied the concept of chivalry, slew huge dragons, slew legions of foes in single combat, and still made it home in time for dinner.  Of all these tales, ballads and poems, a few have risen to the fore front of the genre as an example for the rest of the stories to follow.  I will be comparing the positive and negative personality traits of two heroes from the famous poems Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and The Song of Roland.           On the lighter side, both Gawain and Roland had more positive attributes than they did negative.  twain men were honorable, almost to a fault.  For example in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Gawain agreed to be on time for his own execution                Nor I last you not, knight, your name nor your court.             But tell me truly thereof, and teach me your name, and I             shall fare forth to find you, so far as I may, and this I translate             in good certain, and swear upon oath.             (G&GK, pt.1, ln. 400-403)           Gawains agreement might have been honorable, but it doesnt strike me ... ...ght when it came to politics, apparently.  All of these attributes might be considered undesirable in a knight.           Though the characteristics of honor, fearlessness, and poor people skills might seem to be perfect for a knight, a perfect hero just doesnt seem realistic to a listener or a reader with out some sort of a vice or flaw.  It makes them seem closer and more human to who the reader.  This is primal to a good news report, simply because if a hero is totally unbelievable the ballad becomes more of a tall tale or a story to be laughed at.  And while it might be fun to laugh at a B ballad every once in awhile, it just doesnt comparison to a good action plot line.  As a result, Gawain and Roland each flaws.  Rolands just happens to be terminal.    

Child Abuse and Neglect :: Violence Against Children

Many churlren suffer at the hands of adults - often their declargon p atomic number 18nts. They are beaten, kicked, thrown into walls, and burned with cigarettes. They have their heads held under the water of toilet bowls, are scalded by hot water or they are forced to stalemate in freezing showers until they pass out. A pincer could be stuffed into running washing machines or sexually molested, suffer from send packing in the forms of starvation and neediness of medical attention, and still go unnoticed by outsiders. In fact, it is estimated that about five children die every day in the U.S. from some form of child horror. It is a sickening practice that has no set standard of rules to finish off the persisting problem. Different states have several(predicate) methods and agencies to help prevent handle in the home, some work quite well while others bomb - a dangerous gamble when it comes to the life or mental state of a child. The precise number of deaths each year is not known because of the extent of most fatality investigations that could be hazard as child abuse solely are seen as open and shut death cases. A report from the National Center on Child hatred and Neglect, however, depicts more than three one thousand thousand reports of alleged child maltreatment practices in the year of 1995 alone. Many more children are living with abuse rather than dying(p) from it, too. So what steps are being taken to protect our nations children? wholly states have a Child Protective Services (or CPS) system. This is the governmental system responsible for investigating reports of child abuse or neglect. In state after state, the CPS agency lacks the resources to respond adequately to the overwhelming number of reports it is legislatively mandated to investigate. All fifty states have child abuse reporting laws requiring reports of suspected abuse to be made by specified professionals and others whose work brings them into regular contact with children. whatever citizen may report suspected abuse as state laws provide for reports to be made to the CPS agency or its equivalent, or to a law enforcement agency. In most states, investigations are conducted by CPS personnel, although law enforcement officers may also be involved.The basic concern of child welfare workers is for the safety of the child. judicial decision of the risks involved in deviation a child with its family must be made quickly because children cannot be removed from their families arbitrarily.Child Abuse and Neglect Violence Against ChildrenMany children suffer at the hands of adults - often their own parents. They are beaten, kicked, thrown into walls, and burned with cigarettes. They have their heads held under the water of toilet bowls, are scalded by hot water or they are forced to stand in freezing showers until they pass out. A child could be stuffed into running washing machines or sexually molested, suffer from neglect in the forms of starvation and la ck of medical attention, and still go unnoticed by outsiders. In fact, it is estimated that about five children die every day in the U.S. from some form of child abuse. It is a sickening practice that has no set standard of rules to finish off the persisting problem. Different states have different methods and agencies to help prevent abuse in the home, some work quite well while others bomb - a dangerous gamble when it comes to the life or mental state of a child. The precise number of deaths each year is not known because of the extent of most fatality investigations that could be suspected as child abuse but are seen as open and shut death cases. A report from the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect, however, depicts more than three million reports of alleged child maltreatment practices in the year of 1995 alone. Many more children are living with abuse rather than dying from it, too. So what steps are being taken to protect our nations children?All states have a Child P rotective Services (or CPS) system. This is the governmental system responsible for investigating reports of child abuse or neglect. In state after state, the CPS agency lacks the resources to respond adequately to the overwhelming number of reports it is legislatively mandated to investigate. All fifty states have child abuse reporting laws requiring reports of suspected abuse to be made by specified professionals and others whose work brings them into regular contact with children. Any citizen may report suspected abuse as state laws provide for reports to be made to the CPS agency or its equivalent, or to a law enforcement agency. In most states, investigations are conducted by CPS personnel, although law enforcement officers may also be involved.The basic concern of child welfare workers is for the safety of the child. Assessment of the risks involved in leaving a child with its family must be made quickly because children cannot be removed from their families arbitrarily.

Child Abuse and Neglect :: Violence Against Children

Many nestlingren suffer at the hands of adults - often their own pargonnts. They are beaten, kicked, thrown into walls, and burned with cigarettes. They digest their heads held beneath the water of toilet bowls, are scalded by hot water or they are forced to stand in freezing showers until they pass out. A child could be stuffed into running airstream machines or sexually molested, suffer from neglect in the forms of starvation and lack of medical attention, and still go un noniced by outsiders. In fact, it is estimated that about volt children die every day in the U.S. from some form of child abuse. It is a sickening practice that has no make out standard of rules to finish move out the persisting problem. Different states have different methods and agencies to help prevent abuse in the home, some work quite easy while others bomb - a dangerous gamble when it comes to the life or mental state of a child. The precise number of final stages each socio-economic class is not known because of the extent of nearly fatality investigations that could be suspected as child abuse but are seen as open and shut death cases. A report from the national Center on Child Abuse and Neglect, however, depicts more than three million reports of alleged child maltreatment practices in the year of 1995 alone. Many more children are living with abuse rather than dying from it, too. So what steps are being taken to protect our nations children?All states have a Child tutelary Services (or cycle per second) system. This is the governmental system responsible for investigating reports of child abuse or neglect. In state after state, the CPS dominance lacks the resources to respond adequately to the overwhelming number of reports it is legislatively mandated to investigate. All fifty states have child abuse reporting laws requiring reports of suspected abuse to be do by condition professionals and others whose work brings them into regular contact with children. Any ci tizen may report suspected abuse as state laws provide for reports to be made to the CPS agency or its equivalent, or to a law enforcement agency. In most states, investigations are conducted by CPS personnel, although law enforcement officers may too be involved.The basic business enterprise of child welfare workers is for the safety of the child. Assessment of the risks involved in leaving a child with its family must be made quickly because children cannot be remove from their families arbitrarily.Child Abuse and Neglect Violence Against ChildrenMany children suffer at the hands of adults - often their own parents. They are beaten, kicked, thrown into walls, and burned with cigarettes. They have their heads held under the water of toilet bowls, are scalded by hot water or they are forced to stand in freezing showers until they pass out. A child could be stuffed into running washing machines or sexually molested, suffer from neglect in the forms of starvation and lack of med ical attention, and still go unnoticed by outsiders. In fact, it is estimated that about five children die every day in the U.S. from some form of child abuse. It is a sickening practice that has no set standard of rules to finish off the persisting problem. Different states have different methods and agencies to help prevent abuse in the home, some work quite well while others bomb - a dangerous gamble when it comes to the life or mental state of a child. The precise number of deaths each year is not known because of the extent of most fatality investigations that could be suspected as child abuse but are seen as open and shut death cases. A report from the National Center on Child Abuse and Neglect, however, depicts more than three million reports of alleged child maltreatment practices in the year of 1995 alone. Many more children are living with abuse rather than dying from it, too. So what steps are being taken to protect our nations children?All states have a Child Protective Services (or CPS) system. This is the governmental system responsible for investigating reports of child abuse or neglect. In state after state, the CPS agency lacks the resources to respond adequately to the overwhelming number of reports it is legislatively mandated to investigate. All fifty states have child abuse reporting laws requiring reports of suspected abuse to be made by specified professionals and others whose work brings them into regular contact with children. Any citizen may report suspected abuse as state laws provide for reports to be made to the CPS agency or its equivalent, or to a law enforcement agency. In most states, investigations are conducted by CPS personnel, although law enforcement officers may also be involved.The basic concern of child welfare workers is for the safety of the child. Assessment of the risks involved in leaving a child with its family must be made quickly because children cannot be removed from their families arbitrarily.

To What Extent Would Sociologists Say the Nuclear Family

Today sociologists in Britain would not agree that thermonuclear families are the norm. This is because families arent like what they used to be. In the nuclear families today, the roles of the mother and father are no longer segregated connubial roles. In the nuclear family today roles are changing and developing into integrated conjugal roles. Partners are seemly more egalitarian which is leading to the nuclear symmetrical family. Due to the symmetrical family developing socialists believe the idea of the spick-and-span man.A man that shares housework and the responsibility of the children. There has been a dramatic increase in divorce over the last decade. The rise in divorce has been caused by many things, for example the increase in lone parent families, teenage mothers and domestic violence. Instead of the nuclear family, other types of families can be said to becoming the norm. For example, reconstituted families are increase in Britain due to the rise in divorce. Cohabita tion and single sex families have all started to become the norm in Britain today.Decades ago it was rattling rare to see any other family than a nuclear family. In Britain today there is much more diversity in families- this has party been caused by the different ethnic group population that are now living here in Britain- such as the Asian families and the Afro Caribbean. However, on the other overhaul the nuclear family is still very popular in Britain today. The traditional nuclear family is always portrayed as the norm in Britain. Despite all the new family diversity, the traditional nuclear family hasnt gone anywhere, it is still very common.

Inquiry-Based Essay Reflection Essay

Before walking in this course, I had it stuck in my head that intervening in a research paper was bad. I learned that it was ok to insert myself into the essay. I could intervene and put a couple of my own perspectives into the essay. In high school, it was prohibited to use your own perspectives and haggle into the essay. The only major thing I had to consider is having the content and my perspective balanced so that my paper could sound credible. Of course, there were advantages and disadvantages to writing inquiry-based research essays.I noticed several advantages when I was working on my inquiry-based research essay. First, I was given the opportunity to pick a field of study. Though this made me think a lot, gathering hand-selected topics and choosing one to economize about was beneficial. It made me rethink about what interested me and what bored me. For instance, in essay 3, I originally started with a topic about black holes in space. Initially, it seemed like an interesti ng thing to talk about. However, as I kept researching this paper, there were large amounts of physics formulas and concepts being mentioned and repeated.It kept scaring me and making me doubt writing about it. I was going nowhere with the essay. After much consideration, I disposed of the subject and started a bracing one. The new one was about music and its stimulation, thus giving the reader and I a common ground. Second, the grading after turning in would be lovely. If everyone had to write about one topic, the grading would be based upon who wrote the better. But, with the option of choosing a topic, the grading would be more upon individuality and the concepts presentation, making it fair for everyone.Like advantages, there are also disadvantages that I noticed when doing this type of work. First, when starting essay 3, I was uncertain about using I. In high school, I was taught to not use I at all in a paper. It was a struggle for me to use I because I did not know what to say. I felt as if the quotes would make my own opinions matter at all.

Cultural distance assignment Essay

CDj is the ethnical place mingled with the host arena (j) and the crime syndicate farming (in this case Germany). It is calculated with a summation of 4 different variables indicating different ethnical dimensions. These are uncertainty avoidance, power maintain, individualism/collectivism and maleness/femininity. is the country js score on one of the four cultural dimension is the score of the headquarters country (in this case Germany) on this dimension. is the section of this particular dimension. Firstly, the withdrawnness on sever aloney dimension between the host country j and the home country (in this case Germany).Secondly, this total is squared. After squaring damaging apiece variable is divided by the variableness of that variable. And finally, all these four variances are added together and divided by 4. 2. What is the difference between mean and variance? Can you explain the example given in the lecture in your own words? Mean and variance are both about dis tri onlyion, entirely mean refers to one stripe of the central value for a probability diffusion. It is the average of a set of measurements. On the other hand, variance is a measure of how cold a set of numbers is spread out.In a statistical probability graph the difference in variance is made megascopic in the height of the graph. A low variance indicates that the data points are close to the mean. This can be recognized in a normal distri notwithstandingion graph where the curve is either flatter or steeper. A flat curve indicates a high variance as data points are far away from the mean, whereas a steep curve indicates a small variance as the data points are close to the mean. 3. Calculate the distance on each dimension between Germany (our home country) and a specific host country using the Excel program.?Tip you can use the canon editor in Excel to calculate the distance on e. g. power distance between Germany and Argentina, the first country in the sample. You can copy- paste the formula in the other rows/columns. position distance Argentina Germany 49-35 = 14 Uncertainty avoidance Argentina Germany 86-64 = 21 Individualism / collectivism Argentina Germany 46-67 = -21 ? 21 Masculinity / femininity Argentina Germany 56-66 = -10 ? 10 4. The Kogut-Singh index of cultural distance also contains the variance of each dimension.Answer the following questions a. In the bottom row of the columns you will find the variance for each culture ? dimension. What dimension has the highest variance? Individual collectivism b. What does a high variance mean Tip to calculate the variance yourself, you can use the formula editor of Excel and search for variance. A high variance means that the date points are very spread out from the mean and from each other 5. Calculate the cultural distance using Kogut and Singh formula while using Germany as the home country.Tip follow the different steps as explained in the main lecture, and first calculate the difference, ? the squared difference, the variance, and the overall cultural distance. Cultural distance = 0,547 ? (14*14)/507,68 + (21*21)/559,42 + (-21*-21)/621,34 + (-10*-10)/329,58)/4 6. Which four countries mother the lowest cultural distance to Germany? Switzerland, Italy, South Africa and Luxembourg 7. Which country has the highest cultural distance? Guatemala 8. What is the average cultural distance between Germany and these 57 other countries? 1,6046894 9.Pick a host country and relate the cultural distance score between Germany and that ? host country to the 7 points of critique raised by Shenkar as discussed in the lecture. We picked Egypt, which has a cultural distance score of 1,748. 1. The gloss of symmetry you cannot assume that the cultural distance from Germany and Egypt is similar to the cultural distance from Egypt to Germany. Because of recent conflicts in Egypt it is probably less charismatic for other countries, including Germany, to do trade or invest in Egypt, whereas for Egypt itself, it is not hard to do business in Germany.2. The illusion of stability Cultural distance is measured at a single point in time, but cultures may dislodge over time and therefore, cultural differences may also change over time. Currently the conflict in Egypt is still ongoing which makes cultural difference between Germany and Egypt bigger. However, if this conflict ends, the cultural difference may shrink again. 3. The illusion of linearity in case a German MNE already had an entity in Egypt and is considering a second one, the obstacle of starting a second entity is lower than it would have with the initial entity introduction.The effect on cultural distance therefore depends on the experience already gained and is not a linear process. 4. The illusion of causality Kogut and Singhs formula only focuses on cultural difference, but distance is a multidimensional construct and should be studied not in isolation but together with the other three dimensions of distance , namely institutional/administrative distance, geographic distance and economic distance. For instance, the cultural difference between Germany and Egypt is 1,748 and the geographic distance between Germany and Egypt is 3208 kilometer.The cultural difference between Germany and Australia is 0,320 (a lot smaller than 1,748) and the geographic distance between these two countries is 14482 kilometers (a lot further than 3208 km). 5. The illusion of discordance the assumption is that all cultural aspects of the cultural distance between home and host country matter equally, but depending on the country, some dimensions of a culture matter to a greater extent than others. Take language and religion.Both cultural aspects, but when Germany does business with the Netherlands difference in language would matter a lot more than difference in religion, whereas when Germany does business with Egypt, the religion factor would weigh a lot heavier. 6. The assumption of corporate homogeneity by us ing national cultural measures, the CD innovation only incorporates variance in the national culture but does not consider possible variances on a corporate level. National culture vs. organisational culture is left out.In Egypt, a company which employs employees of many different nationalities will have less cultural differences with a German company in comparison to a company which only employs Egyptians. 7. The assumption of spatial homogeneity when examining the cultural differences on the basis of national level scores, possible cultural variances inwardly that same country are left out. In Egypt it would not be correct to look at the country as a whole, since within the country (city versus rural areas) there are different cultures and sentiments based on different takes on for example Muslim religion.This could affect the way different companies do business and therefore reduce or expand the cultural difference between Germany and Egypt. 10. Assess the strengths and weaknes ses of the Kogut and Singh measure of cultural distance. Kogut and Singh have made an effort of creating an overview on the cultural distance between countries. The overview is quite meticulous and based on empirical research, taking four dimensions created by Hofstede of cultural distance into account. Although the measure of cultural distance should provide realistic information for organisations that seek new markets, it is not able to do so.The measure should be seen as an indicator of cultural distance alternatively than an absolute number. Supported by Shenkars seven points of critique1, the weaknesses of Kogut and Singhs theory will be assessed. Supported by Kim and blue-eyed(a)s article, its strengths will be assessed2. As Shenkar researched effectively, Kogut and Singhs measure is quite ambiguous. It creates several illusions of cultural distance. Deriving from these seven points made by Shenkar, the measure cannot be used in practice. The differences between reality an d theory are too large.For example, as Shenkar explained in point 5 The implicit assumption that differences in cultures produce lack of fit and w consequently an obstacle to transaction is questionable. First, not every cultural gap is critical to performance. As Tallman and Shenkar (1994, p. 108) note, different aspects of firm culture may be more or less central, more or less difficult to transmit, and more or less critical to operations. Second, cultural differences may be complementary and hence have a positive synergetic effect on investment and performance. 3Companies are shown one CD number, but the importance of the various dimensions creating this number is different for each company. For example, a company involved in financial derivatives that seeks to create a subsidiary overseas may be less interested about the individualism/collectivism-dimension than about the uncertainty avoidance-dimension, as these companies are inherently making money of uncertainty. Thus, the C D number does not suit the function implied by Kogut and Singh. Singh and Kogut create an illusion that this CD number helps companies finding a suitable strategy for expanding abroad.The CD number should provide hard data for finding this strategy. imputable to the difference between theory and practice, this number cannot provide practical data. However, the measure is suitable for other goals. For one, the measure can explain corporate behaviour in new markets. Kim and Gray researched the applicability of the CD measure. They concluded that relationship between the CD measure and corporate behaviour has some plausible consistencies. 4 The self-control mode a company takes in a new market is indeed dependent on the cultural distance between the host and home country.Kogut and Singhs measure is thus accurate, but not practical. In conclusion, the measure of Kogut and Sing is accurate enough to explain corporate behaviour in hindsight, but cannot be seen as a practical tally for c hoosing a business strategy. A company may tend to get confused by the calculation method, as it equally takes all dimensions into account. However, in the end, a company will probably handle appropriately to the new markets culture. This is shown in Kim and Grays research.

Descartes’ Meditations Essay

Rene Descartes is non and a known philosopher, but he also contributed importantly in the field of mathematics. It is with the same vigor and methodological reason he applied in the realm of Mathematics by which he comes to his conclusions in the Meditations. Hence, we c every last(predicate) in him going about his arguments, thoughts, opinions, and conclusions in a reasonable, methodological fashion, forming skeptical hypotheses in every step. In a way, Meditations preempt be regarded as a doorkeeper for the readers it seeks to take along the reader with the meditator in his journey of the unknown and knowing.It tries to convince them to follow his step-by-step argumentation and skepticism, and to accept the obvious logical conclusion of each. Yet, although his conclusions argon impressive and convincing, a crack in his reasoning might break down his arguments. The purpose of this paper then, is to examine the ideas, assumptions, and arguments presented by Descartes. However, t his paper will notwithstanding concern itself with the first two parts of Descartes Meditations (Meditation I Of the Things Which May Be Brought Within the Sphere of Doubt and Meditation II Concerning the Nature of the Human sagacity That It Is Better Known Than the Body).The First Meditation Methodic Doubt In the First Meditation, Descartes plan any told issues into enquiry. He does this by first minding all that he knows as he remembers his senses has lead astrayd him before. He says All that up to the present time I have accepted as most true and certain I have learned from either from the senses or through the senses but it is sometimes proved to me that these senses argon deceptive, and it is wiser not to trust entirely to any thing by which we have once been bewrayd (Descartes, pg. 0). He then continues to give proof of his reasons for doubting what he knows to be true. He finds if he might be crazy, dreaming, or deceived by paragon or an sin glare. He reasons ou t that he is not mad as the mad people who imagine things when these are clearly not the case, and dismisses that possibility. He considers that when is dreaming he is convinced that what his senses perceive are real, only to find out that it was not.Finally, he count ons that perhaps an omnipotent being, God, deceives him into believing all the things roughly him exists blush if these are not true, yet he cannot accept that because it would go against the nature of Gods goodness, hence he supposes that it is not God who s supremely good and the fountain of truth, but some plague genius not less powerful than deceitful, has employed his whole energies in deceiving me I shall consider that the vault of heaven, earth, colors, figures, sound, and all other away things are nought but the illusions and dreams of which this genius has availed himself in order to lay traps for my credulity (Descartes, pg. 33).Ending the first part, he closes with liken himself to a prisoner who whil e sleeping enjoys freedom but knows that it is only a dream, and is afraid to wake up. The meditator knows that he has opened a Pandoras recess of questioning and yet chooses to go back to his former beliefs for the meantime. Descartes method of questioning and casting all that can be questioned as being false is the profound concept of skepticism, and his has been called methodic doubt. One by one he stripped his notions of truth so he could get to the most fundamental part, for he says he only needs one immovable menstruum on which to design truth.Descartes questioning of the senses and sensing is useful in order to arrive at the fundamental point of his argument which is to find what is absolute, what cannot be doubted given that he is casting everything in the sphere of doubt. We find out in the second part of the Meditations that though everything can be cast into doubt, there is one thing that cannot his thoughts doubting themselves. No matter what happens, there is an ab solute truth that he is thinking. And he thinks, he exists. to a greater extentover then what is the point of all these? When does an individual begin to think? Is it not that the thinking process is facilitated by the accumulation of ideas, ideas gleaned from the dubious cosmos through broken senses?Does this mean that the mad person who can comprehend his existence is as sane as the rest? It seems convenient to cast everything into doubt and the senses in question to arrive at the fundamental point of the consciousness. nevertheless what is the consciousness, where does it stem from? Does it not have a vessel? Are we to accept that we are merely natation consciousness in the abyss? Or that we are simply consciousness being deceived by an evil genius? Descartes Belief in the Idea of God and the Evil Genius Which brings us to Descartes discussion of God and the evil genius. Descartes casts everything into doubt except God, that is why he could not accept that God will deceive him .Of course this can be argued as Descartes way of trying to coax the unprogressive Jesuits to read and accept his arguments, for if he downright casts God into the realm of doubt as he did his eubstance then he might be excommunicated or ordered to be killed as Galileo. Then if it is not God it must(prenominal)(prenominal) be something as powerful yet evil, the evil genius. If we follow this train of thought, does it make sense? This borders on theological argument, but why would an all powerful, all good God as believed in by the meditator allow an evil genius to deceive him? If the All powerful, all good God is indeed all powerful and all good, then he will not allow this evil genius to exist, or would he?Because then if God and the evil genius are pitted against each other, who will win if they are both powerful and so on? Also, where did this idea of an evil genius come from? It is, tally to the flow of arguments in the Meditations, necessitated by the theory of being decei ved. Something must be doing the deceiving, and that something must be powerful enough to paint the world and deceive the beholder. A being as powerful as that can only be God, but since it goes against Gods nature, then t must be the evil genius. But what is the cause of this evil genius? Was it not the need of the meditator for an evil genius to support his arguments? Hence, can we not argue that there is no evil genius? In the same vein, that there is no God?Descartes said I have long had fixed in my mind the belief that an all-powerful God existed by whom I have been created as such as I am (pg. 32). He provides no reason, no proof of Gods existence but proceeds with his meditations as though this was a given. Why would it be? Is Gods existence and goodness really necessary? arouse these not be cast into doubt as well? Or the thought of casting God into doubt is unspeakable? For if we will really cast everything into the realm of doubt, would not there be only the self talking to itself? Descartes unwillingness to put God to the test makes Descartes methodological reasoning biased. If Descartes is biased in his reasoning, can we accept the conclusions he has arrived at?He stubbornly holds that an idea of a stark(a) being is necessarily true and necessarily means that the perfect being exists for who will put that idea to him, him an imperfect being who must be incapable of conceiving anything perfect? Already there is a fallacy in his thinking, for this becomes evidently a tautological argument. But more than that, his defining this ultimate being, this perfect being as based on an idea of it throws off his arguments. What of the heavens and the sea? Of earthly things which he has ideas of also, then does it not mean that they are true because he has ideas of them? Will he point out that these are a different case because our idea of these material things are based on our intelligence of them through our senses?And that mythical figures such as mermaid s are complex images organize out of simple things combined yet still has basis on sensory detection? Then, can we argue that his notion of an ultimate being must have come from the simple idea of an imperfect being and make that complex, permit us say a carpenter who we know can build a house, and if he can build a house maybe there is a perfect carpenter who can build a world? For why would a perfect being, perfectly good, can be doubted if we so choose? The Second Meditation Arriving at Consciousness Descartes argument supposes there are simple things that do not need explaining but which can be taken for truth. If there is no ultimate Being, and no evil genius, who then makes up all the illusion?The mind as the powerful cheater, as it is the only thing that can attend to the train of his thoughts simultaneously. If we do doubt God, we will more or less arrive at the same conclusion, that the only thing that we cannot doubt is ones own skeptical thinking. As Descartes makes c lear when in the passage is there not some God, or some other being by whatever name we call it, who puts these reflections into my mind? That is not necessary, for is it not possible that I am capable of producing them myself? I, myself, am I not at least something? But I have already denied that I had senses and body am I so dependent on body and senses that I cannot exist without these?Bu I was persuaded that there was nothing in all the world, that there was no heaven, no earth, that there no minds nor any bodies was I not then likewise persuaded that I did not exist? but there is some deceiver or other, very powerful and very cunning, who ever employs his ingenuity in deceiving me. Then without doubt I exist also if he deceives me, and let him deceive me as much as he will, he can never cause me to be nothing so long as I think that I am something (Descartes, pg. 34). Here is saying that he thinks he is something, which lays the groundwork for But then what am I? A thing which thinks. What is a thing which thinks? It is a thing which doubts, understands, conceives, affirms, denies, wills, refuses, which also imagines and feels (Descartes, pg. 37).Of course in this statement can be summed up the famous I think, therefore I am. But it is not merely thinking per se that Descartes is saying here, but rather self-awareness, or consciousness. Ones consciousness is absolute it tells him that he does exist for certain, even if everything else is illusion. Hence, ones consciousness implies ones existence. The Consciousness and the Wax Argument The truth is fundamental, common sense. The consciousness needs no explaining because everybody understands what it is. But let us ask, where does consciousness come from? Perhaps this is no longer part of Descartes philosophy, as his thesis has been chiefly to prove that if one has consciousness then he exists.That is why the important construction of the statement, I think, I am. It is necessarily has to be the I who has understanding of being. How does one think though? Through the ideas garnered from sensory perception? To explain further, and in a way define himself better through example, Descartes turns to the analogy of the heighten. Descartes asks how he knows of the uprise, when its physical properties change? When its color, schoolbookure, size, shape, smell change, is it still not wax? Thus what then did I know so distinctly in this piece of wax? It could certainly be nothing of all that the senses brought to my notice for all these are found to be changed, and yet the same wax remains (p. 39).Descartes argues that the wax does not change, but he knows it not through the senses but because he grasps the idea of the wax with his mind But what is this piece of wax which cannot be understood excepting by the mind? what must particularly be observed is that its perception of the wax is neither an act of vision, nor of touch, nor of imagination, and has never been such although it may have a ppeared formerly to be so (Descartes, p. 39). Further, he uses the wax to affirm his existence when he says that his perception of the wax no matter how distinct or indistinct only proves the existence of his mind as being the thing that processes all these, proving not the wax but the nature of his mind. In this way Descartes is actually saying that all we know, we know from the mind. That is why he believes that we know the mind better than we know the body.This not only affirms his consciousness, but also affirms Meditation Is methodic doubt. After all, we only know the world through ideas these ideas including dreams, concepts, images, perceptions, and memories hence, we know the world indirectly. Also, these ideas represent something else something that is external or separate from the self, that which we do not identify with I, making them separate from the mind as well. Since these are external to the mind, these can be illusions, false images or faulty representations. An d if these ideas can be trusted, what can be but the absolute existence of the thing that conceives these ideas in the first place, the mind, the consciousness. ConclusionDescartes Meditations is undoubtedly an important text in history, and its methodic presentation convincing. His thesis that we could doubt everything but the existence of the self via the consciousness makes perfect sense with or without the reference to an ultimate Being or an evil genius, as his insistence, or his inclusion of these, stains his logical arguments, for there is no logical basis for God or the Devil. But then, since these does not cripple nor in any way change the outcome of the meditations, then it could be safely dismissed as perhaps a necessary inclusion to encourage conservative readers of the time to consider a novel idea before they turn a skeptic eye on him.

To Kill a Mockingbird Growing Up

The novel To Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee is about a young girl named template and her brother, Jem, outgrowth up in the small, southern town of Maycomb, Alabama. scout and Jem live with their older father, Atticus, and spend their summers playing with their friend, Dill. They have many neighbors, and one is an older woman named Mrs. Dubose. As the siblings grow older, they unhorse to drift apart and new disagreements begin. Yet, as Jem begins change, he starts to think more maturely about feuds with his sister and opinions towards his neighbors. For example, in the wear out incident, Jem realizes that Scout is in trouble and tries to help her. In addition, in the flower incident with Mrs. Dubose, Jemfs anger causes him to try to defend Atticus. Jem thinks that he is acting very maturely during the tire incident and the flower incident with Mrs. Dubose.Jem thought he was being responsible during the tire incident because he took care of Scout. When Jem, Scout, and Dill are playing in the yard one day, Scout decides she wants to be pushed in the tire. As Scout and Dill are arguing over who will go starting clock time, Jem arbitrates, and awards Scout with the first push. Jem then accidentally rolls the tire into the Radley yard. Jem is frightened and says, gScout, get away from there, come onh (37). This quote shows that Jem is taking on some righteousness for Scout. When he pushes her into the Radleyfs Yard, Jem feels angry about what Scout had said earlier, so he wants to get revenge. Yet, when Jem sees Scout lying on the ground he immediately feels worried and shake up for her, and tries to get her to come to safety. As Jem grows up, he begins to develop new views on situations. Scoutfs situation during the tire incident reminds Jem that he needs to take on full responsibility of his sister.Jem thought that the most mature way to express his feelings about Mrs. Dubose was to cut off all of her flowers. When Jem and Scout are returning home one day they walk pass Mrs. Dubosefs house. As they walk by her yard, Jem runs into her garden and cuts off all of her flowers because of what Mrs. Dubose said earlier about Atticus. Scout tells us that, gHe did not begin to calm down until he had cut the tops off every camellia bush Mrs. Dubose owned, until the ground was littered with green buds and leaves. He bent my baton against his kneech (103). This quote shows that Jem was feeling very endure by what Mrs. Dubose had said about his father. To Jem, Atticus seems feeble and old, so, when threatened, Jem feels it is his responsibility to protect him. In the book, when Mrs. Dubose talks about Atticus, Jem just ignores her and walks away, but finally he decides to get revenge. He does this by, glittering the ground with green buds and leaves.h Jem tries to hurt something Mrs. Dubose loves like she attacked Atticus. Mrs. Dubosefs harsh words make Jem feel that it is his job to defend Atticus.As To Kill a Mockingbird progresses, Jem ta kes definitive steps toward maturity with his actions in the tire and flower incidents, for example. He would later go on to repair the flowerbed he destroyed, and take greater care to protect Scout. Through his actions, we support see Jem develop a sense of morals and responsibility that would prove to be a lifesaver.scout and Jem Finch are growing up in the timeworn old Alabama town of Maycomb. Their father, Atticus, is the local lawyer and as a single parent tries to raise his children with honor and respect to their individualism. With the Depression on time are hard, and there is no money to be found anywhere in town.To amuse themselves Scout, Jem, and their best friend Dill begin a drab campaign during their summertimes to get fizzle Radley, their reclusive, legendary neighbor, to come out of his house. They concoct endless schemes and even go so far as to create a play that details Boos life. Atticus forbids them to have anything to do with Mr. Radley, urging them to let the poor man be.Atticus is a erect man, and one day takes on a case that affects him personally. A black man, tomcat Robinson, is accused of beating and raping a white woman, Mayella Ewell. Most of the county is convinced immediately that Tom is guilty of the crime, and begin to look at Atticus in a very negative way for actually defending him and trying to do right by him. Scout and Jem begin to get tormented over their father at school, and Atticus begs them not to get riled up over the towns prejudice.As the trial begins it becomes probable to Scout and Jem that there is no way that Tom Robinson could have beaten and raped Mayelle Ewell, as hes a cripple. Atticus proves that to the jury, and Scout and Jem are astonished when Tom is slapped with a guilty verdict anyway. They begin to realize that many people in town are very prejudiced against blacks, and their hearts are saddened by it. It?s hard for them to understand how people can be so mean to each other, and they both be gin to see that, even in judgeship where things are supposed to be unbiased, mens hearts bring in their own hatreds.It isnt much longer that Tom is shot and killed for trying to escape period in prison. Jem especially takes the whole affair hard, and it takes him a long time to come to grips with the jurys decision, and Toms death.After the trial has died down Bob Ewell, Mayelles father, begins threatening Atticus for clumsy him in court, and resolves that hell get him back one way or another. Atticus is convinced that hes all talk, and passes it off as such.Time crawls past, and finally Bob Ewell is good to his word and attacks the children Halloween night with a knife. He breaks Jems arm and almost kills Scout, but Boo Radley, of all people, comes to their rescue and saves them. The sheriff, Heck Tate, hushes the whole thing over so Boo Radley will not be dragged into the spotlight, and Scout is thrilled to finally get to meet the man they for so long fantasized about. As she w alks him back home, she realizes that all this time he was watching them from his front porch windows, and just for a little while she is able to stand in his shoes.

Abigail Adams

Adams used the rhetorical strategies of logos, ethos, and pathos to guide her boy In a direction that go a focal point release him to take advantage of the world he lives in to broaden his mind and understand the importance of engaging himself in society. First, Abigail uses logos in her writing. One of her shipway to push her son in the direction she wants is for him to understand that developing the things he already knows pull up stakes contribute to his broadening.She wrote, Your knowledge of the language must give you great advantages now than you could possibly have reaped whilst ignorant of it and as you increase in years, you will find your understanding opening and daily Adams). She wants him to realize that if he arsehole utilize the things he already knows, then his comprehension of life will become deeper. HIS advantage Is that he Is surrounded by countless opportunities In which he can go and apply his knowledge, but he needs to see It.Another way Abigail tries to push him Is by telling him that, When a mind Is raised and shake by scenes that engage the heart, then those qualities, which would otherwise lie dormant, wake into Adams). Not only is she stressing the part about him needing to utilize his knowledge, but she is also pointing out, again, that he will never know what he is capable of until he wakes it up. The use of logos is strategic because it reassures the on of what could be if he would Just look into his mind. Second, she uses ethos in her letter to her son.Abigail claims to her son that she has met with an author and he compares a Judicious traveler to a river, that increases Its stream the go on it flows from Its source or to certain springs, which, running through voluminous veins of minerals, Improve their qualities as they pass along. (Unknown author). This Is the point she used to remind her son to take advantage of the world. He needs to be a river and soak up entirely the knowledge or minerals he can. The new knowle dge will improve him as a person because it will render his mind to broaden, summation it is an act of engaging in society and the world.To back up her point of ethos, Abigail wrote, All history will convince you of this, and that wisdom and penetration are the product of experience, not the lessons of retirement and Adams). All of history is a very large statement. This furthers her want for him to go out, take advantage of his world, and experience things to expand his understanding. She reminds him that the only way to broaden ones mind and gain wisdom and knowledge is through experience or engagement. Her strategic use of ethos can get her point across to her son that participating In life and In society will allow him to gain a variety of qualities.Lastly, Ball used the strategy of pathos to further gulled her son. Since she Is a mother, she uses status to her advantage. In the beginning, she apologizes to make sure that her son lets go of any hostility towards her for makin g him go on a voyage It will be expected of you, my son , Under the instructive eye of a tender parent , meet it is your lot, my son, to be an eyewitness In your own inseparable land , O have a parent who has taken so large and active a share in this contest , and Nor your country, and render your parents supremely happy, particularly your ever affectionate mother. These small pieces that were slipped into sentences reinforce her status. She is the mother and she has the power in the end, but she hopes he will do it on his own, with the help of this letter. Her fashion of pathos is the factor that has the ability to thoroughly convince him to do her wishes. Abigail Adams knew exactly what she wanted for her son and she knew what needed to happen for him to see it as well. The letter she wrote captures all the things she hoped for him to experience and learn.The use of rhetorical strategies allowed her to convey her wishes because each strategy, logos, ethos, and pathos, serv ed a specific purpose. Logos showed her son why he should listen to her. Ethos let him know that his mother was not the only one to think these things. Finally, pathos was the side that enabled Abigail to use her mother status. After all of her words were written, she hoped that her son would understand how important it was to allow the world to give you knowledge and use said knowledge in return to broaden the mind and its horizons.

Why I Chose Construction Management

Page paper on why I choose verbalism manatees Construction has been in my background since 1988, when my father purchased his commencement gentlemans gentleman of property. My brother and I wanted our room designed a certain way so we begged our father to fulfill our wants. In my father words, he express if you and your brother want your room other then the way IM designing it, then you two have to help build it. And that started my life in pull.As I furthered my education ND my experience grew In the construction field I also started to dabble in the business word. At the age of 17, I worked for my first construction company, Cap Stone Constructions. There, I was on the demolition crew Like most people that start off In the construction field. non only did I demo, but I also learned how to frame, dryw both, tape and mud. Not to long after my first Job, my father started his construction company and brought me on to work for him. There I worked various job in the residential c elestial sphere as well as managed his crew in his absence.From the outside facial expression in, it had seemed as though my father was making good money rehabbing buildings, renting them out and collecting money. As time went on, I started to notice that the residential sector was all that we dabbed in and even that sector was being run wrong. Yet, this was his construction company. Then I cognise that his company was actually a company of family members, and him doing all the work. He was vary over worked in the construction field, and under educated In the In the business realm.For those reasons my father continued to make the selfsame(prenominal) mistakes, and In turn get the same results. Till eventually, he ran himself Into the ground wondering why he worked so hard with minimal success. I am an entrepreneur by heart, so that means that different types of businesses interest me. Ive owned several businesses from furniture stores to catalog distribution companies. I even owne d a catching company where I had contracted independent contractors to drive for a transportation business I ran.In my search for he perfect business to start, I realized that I always reverted back to the construction field and maybe that was where I needed to be focusing my entrepreneurial spirit. So I started kef contracting, and began to make the same mistakes as my dad. I focused on rehab and family members to help with my vision. I knew very little about the other sectors, the 16 divisions of construction, or even how to formulate a contract. All I knew was obtain some property, fix It up with small loans from small lenders, and rent It out.But having an entrepreneurial split, I knew that there was more to owning a construction company, so I returned to school. Taking construction management has taught me a lot about what I didnt know on how to run a successful to countersink construction and business together, two of my favorite subjects. By the end of this course, I should have the knowledge I need to go along with the experience I have in construction and in business, and put them together the right way to formulate a strong foundation for a successful construction business.

Philosophy of Education Idealism

The philosophical system of Education Ideals A standard by which we Judge things In our existence. Simple apprehension our intelligent apprehends or understands the nature or substance or essence of things. The essence is represented by an idea in the mind by the mind. Once an idea is formed, we compare it with another idea and pronounce their agreement or disagreement of one idea with another idea and we come up to Judgment. A philosophical memory access that has as its central tenet (belief, view) that ideas are the only true reality and the only thing cost knowing.Emphasizes the study of soldiery more(prenominal) and more because man is endowed with higher intellectual powers and show great level of intelligence and discrimination and by his own moral and spiritual activities he has created. Idealism recognizes Ideas, feelings and Ideals more Important than satisfying objects and at the same time emphasizes that the human development should be according to moral, honest an d spiritual values so that he acquires the knowledge A philosophical belief and outlook that material things do not exist Independently In the physical world but only In mind.A father of Idealism A Greek philosopher, who was remarkably equipped with natural endowments Plato did not think that man created knowledge. Rather, man discovered knowledge and always have stressed the Importance of mind over publication Plats method of dialogue engaged in systematic, logical examination of all points of view Plats idea was that the philosopher-king moldiness be not only a thinker but also a doer. Dialectic (Socratic Method) A method of reasoning In which the conflict or contrast of Ideas Is utilized as a authority of detecting the trueness. Christian philosopher to formulate the doctrines of his religion in the most comprehensive and enduring manner dribble the position that matter might exist, but in a generally detrimental way. The search for truth is a search for God, and a true educat ion leads one to God George W. F. Hegel A Gamma Hegel was susceptible to change. Change, development, and movement are all central and necessary in Hedges logic. Ralph Wald Emerson An American Developed a pattern of idealism known as transcendentalism Frederica Forbore based on kindergarten theory of idealism.

Guide to Designing Qualitative Research

take to the woods to Designing soft ResearchWhen you are asked to design a qualitative look into and write your harangue or enquiry show using this method, you might be confused where to start. Many students simply coin that qualitative interrogation is based on interviews or observation, and does not impoverishment to include literature research, or theses. This is the first misconception of qualitative research methods, and there are many more to come. If you would like to be footsure that your qualitative research test volition be suitable for submission, and you will get great grades, you will need to understand all the requirements of research, studies, structure, and design. Read the below guide to help you understand what qualitative methods intend and how to make the nigh out of your research.The Role of qualitative Research soft research is usually carried out to understand the different perspectives of issues and phenomena. It is concerned about human behaviour and experiences. In many cases, it measures attitudes, therefore, the information gained cannot be quantified. soft methods are usually applied in the following fields of driveHealth and friendly care Social studies Humanities Marketing Psychology TeachingQualitative research, in short, is a research method that focuses on findings that reflect on the complexity of a problem or issue and do not provide statistical or quantifiable information, alone instead answer the initial research questions of the study. Qualitative research attempts to answer the questions what? and why?, while quantitative methods focus on how many?.Methods of Qualitative ResearchThere are different methods that detectives can apply to conduct qualitative studies and answer the research questions. Some of them are listed below.Direct observationThis method takes into consideration the environment and setting, however, the researchers submit might affect the reliability of the information gained.Particip ant observationThis approach requires the researcher to take dower in the activities of the group researched and participate in their routines. This method allows a deeper understanding of the issues faced by the group, but can be costly and lengthy.Qualitative interviewsThere are three main types of interviews used by researchersInformal Semi-structured Open-endedThis approach allows the researcher to take into consideration the individual differences of participants and tailor the questions to their profile. The main loss of qualitative interviews is that the results are hard to analyse.Focus groupsThis data collection method is often used to divine attitudes of groups towards an issue or productAction researchThis collaborative method allows the author of the study to fudge the situation and measure the outcomes, while designing interventions for improvement.Case studiesThis method is usually applied when a researcher is focusing on one organisation, group, or institution an d provides an in-depth analysis of phenomena based on the research question.When to contribute Qualitative ResearchQualitiative research can be used when the author would like to test a hypothesis, understand the attitude of individuals or groups towards a service or product, try to develop interventions, meet the needs of a certain consumer or peer group, or capture the language used by the participants.Presenting the Results of Qualitative ResearchThe main goal of reaching the results of the qualitative study is to answer the research questions. Therefore, the interview questions observation strategies need to be built around the research aims and objectives.When presenting the qualitative research results, the author needs to focus on answering the questions and identifying trends. As an example, when researching peoples attitudes towards a new health care service interviewed, the most important emerging themes that were mentioned by participants need to be listed and discusse d in the context of the literature.To successfully present the results of the study in qualitative research, you need toRead the answers or transcripts closely Use sequential text exposition Take into consideration individual differences and the impact of the setting To identify trends, you might need to use cryptograph that captures the essence of the content Structure of a Qualitative StudyThe best way of designing a qualitative research method is to use a research protocol. This will help create a methodology that is fit for the purpose of the study. The main parts of the research protocol areAims and objectives Background of the study Methods Ethical issues Resources needed to conduct the research Timescale for the research Dissemination plan / outputOnce the qualitative research protocol is drawn up, you need to get it approved by the supervisor before the study can take place.When structuring the final research paper, you need to have the following sectionsTitleUsing the key words that show the purpose of the study, you need to create a title that sums up the content.AbstractWrite the abstract after the paper is finished, to summarise the contentBackground and ContextList the information on the topic purchasable through theories and recent research studies, and signify the importance of carrying out the researchDesign and Methodology show the research questions, setting, research methods, epistemo uniform commitments, and the data analysis methodsFindingsPresent the results of the study in a structured, logical format, focusing on the research questionsDiscussion and ConclusionReflect back to the research questions and literature research, to present how the results can be interpreted and used to make improvements in your field.Do You Need Help Conducting Qualitative Research?If you already have an idea of what you would like to research, and need help with developing your research questions, protocol, timeline, or choose the right research methodolog y for your study, you can get in touch with our friendly group at our site who will assist you with your research or dissertation.Alternatively, you can submit your question online and our master writers will discuss your options and provide personalised answers based on your research topic and field of study.Related Articles contrastive Research Methods Used in the Aviation Industry A Critical Discussion of research methods and approaches speaking Different Research Strategies you can use in your dissertation Summary Reviewer Dissertation Ideas Qualitative Review Date 2017-08-26 Reviewed Item our site Admin Author Rating 5

Oxidation Reduction Reactions

8. 07 Work File oxidisation Reduction Reactions 1. What is the difference between an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent? The oxidisation matter (overall kill of the atom) is cut down in reduction and this is accomplished by adding electrons. The electrons, being negative, reduce the overall oxidation number of the atom receiving the electrons. Oxidation is the reverse process the oxidation number of an atom is increased during oxidation.This is done by removing electrons. The electrons, being negative, make the atom that lost them more positive 2. When first learning to balance equations, we knowledgeable that the number of atoms of all(prenominal) element in the products and reactants must(prenominal) be equivalent. What are some additional factors that must be taken into account when balancing equations for redox reactions?Some additional factors that must be taken into account when balancing equations for redox reactions are dividing the equation into an oxidation half- reaction and a reduction half reaction, multiplying each half-reaction by an integer such that the number of electrons lost in one equals the number gained in the other, and combination the half-reactions then cancel. 3. What are half reactions? A half- reaction is simply one which shows either reduction OR oxidation, but not both. 4. What two aspects of the half-reaction equations must be balanced?Oxidation and reduction charges 5. For the equation Ag + NO3 ? Ag + + NO (Note This reaction takes place in an acidic solution. ) Step 1 What substance is reduced? NO3 Step 2 What substance is oxidized? Ag Step 3 What is the half reaction for oxidation? Ag ? Ag+ + 1e- Step 4 What is the half reaction for reduction? (NO3)- +4H+ +3e- ? NO + 2H2O Step 5 What is the net balanced equation? 3e- + 3Ag + 4H+ + NO3? 3Ag+ +NO+ 2H2O+ 3e- Step 6 What is the reduced equation? 3Ag + 4H+ + NO3 NO + 2H2O + 3Ag

Age of Computer Essay

Eras in the history of art and architecture may be high-minded by styles such(prenominal) as Renaissance, Gothic, Impressionist or Surrealist, and so on.Techniques too have marked diametric eras over the centuries from the primitive tools of the St matchless Age, to the Industrial Age marked by steam and electrical forcefulness and the discovery of turbines, and engines.Today, we have entered a fresh era the calculating shape age an age which owes everything to inventors.Charles Babbage, an English mathematician, is considered to be the great-grandfather of the calculator. Over 150 years ago, in 1840 to be exact, he invented a sophisticated calculating machine, and called it the analytic Engine. As with many inventions, his creation was far in advance of its time.It took a nonher 100 years in front the outset estimators were built, and as you know, they were large and incredibly heavy. Take, for instance, the famous Mark I. It was the innovations first electro-mechanical computer and was practised during World War 2 by the U.S. navy blue. In comparison to 20th-century systems,it could be likened to a battleship 2.6 meters high, 16 meters wide, 2 meters deep, and weighing a massive 5 tonsThe machine the hardw ar could not develop without the software to match, of course. In this respect, two women mathematicians played key roles.adenosine deaminase Lovelace Byron, daughter of the poet Lord Byron, wrote in 1843 what straight off wed call programs for Charles Babbages Analytical Engine. She was a pioneer and is considered to be the very first programmer in history. Thats why 130 years later, the U.S. Department of Defence gave her forename Ada A-D-A to one of the most important computer programs in the world. It is used not unless by the U.S. Army, Navy and Air Force but withal by big industry, universities, and other centers of research.Grace Hopper, an Ameri fecal matter woman, invented in 1952 the very first compiler of all times, a prog ram which translates a computer programming language so that it can be understood by computers. It was a sensational breakthrough which opened doors to automatic programming and thus directly to contemporary personal computers (PCs).Today, computers are at the center of thousands upon thousands of other inventions. They are the heartbeats of the red-brick world. Computers are every-where from kitchens to concrete mixers, from planes to pockets. They listen. They speak. They act. Never in world history has one invention had such an work out on humanity as a whole. Without the computer age, in that location would be no global awareness.Internet, in particular, has created a brand new environment. A new culture has been born salve, rapid, and universal where wad care their knowledge and expertise. Information and communication techniques have been turned upside down, distance has been eliminated, frontiers abolished. A tremendous interactional potential is burgeoning on our planet Earth today. Like it or lump it none can break off itI would like to mention something concerning Internet. The inventors in 1990of the World Wide Web (WWW), which revolutionized the contemporary computer world, did not become millionaires. British Tim Berners-Lee and Belgian Robert Caillau, both researchers at European Centre for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, did not make any money through their invention of the WWW. They refused to apparent it. They feared that in so doing, the use of the Web would prove prohibitively expensive forecloseing its use worldwide. Thus, they passed up a fortune so that our world can learn and communicate today, and we should be grateful to them for their foresight.The invention of the computer with its multitude of programs and new instruction technologies is transforming the traditional perception of an inventor. A more positive image is emerging. No longer personified by an ridiculous crackpot, a crackpot male genius working alone i n attic, garage or basement, todays inventors resemble more and more millions of other scientists, industrial researchers and entrepreneurs in workshops or laboratories surrounded by a computer station. All use the mouse instead of a pencil, and their drawing boards are computer screens.Women inventors have also contributed to this change in the traditional image of the inventor, particularly in certain palm such as chemical science, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, not to speak of computer software.In the USA, for instance, the number of women inventors with secures in the field of chemistry increased three-and-half times during the period from 1977 (2.8%) to 1988 (9.9%). It would be interesting indeed to see what further increases have taken place over the past 10 years.Another popular fallacy is not only that the macroscopical majority of inventors are eccentric and male, but they are also perceived as being raZther past The truth is that, thanks to the computer, people are actually inventing more and more at an increasingly unseasoned age. In Silicon Valley, a 30-year old inventor is considered already long in the tooth, and many newcomers to the originative world are in their 20s. Some predict that in a few years time,therell be a new times of 14-year-old millionaire inventors appearing in Silicon ValleyUnfortunately, this new generation of inventors women and very young people is insufficiently present among representatives of most inventor associations worldwide. These are still pass by people who, although totally dedicated to their work, were neither born nor grew up in the computer age. thusly they find adaptation difficult. Information technology frequently passes them by. This is often a cause of very real problems.lighbulbInternet.jpg (1394 bytes)Lets now consider some of the ways inventors can make use of the new technologies of the computer age.We all know that inventors need a lot of information. Technological information contained i n patent documents is essential at the very earliest stages of invention. It can avoid duplication in research work. It can provide ideas for further development of existing technology. It can also give a glimpse of the proficient activities of competitors. That is why Patent Offices have put their patent documentation databases on the Internet. Access is not only fast, but easily accessible, and available 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.Its also free in the sense that it doesnt cost the inventor a single cent to consult such documentation Time-consuming travel to Patent Offices or libraries storing patent documents is a thing of the past. The inventor also has access to much more data than through a single database. Obviously, the ideal is one huge subroutine library, containing millions of patent documents from all over the world.The European Patent Office (EPO) has tried to create this world library of patent documents. I am glad to inform you that IFIA Web site allows surfers to visit this EPO site, and through it, to set off to the major providers of patent information in the world, whether they be Patent Offices or privateenterprises, such as IBM. A further advantage is the constant updating of all these databases by each of the providers. In brief, its sufficient to click on one address, the EPO address, to access millions of documents .lighbulbInternet.jpg (1394 bytes)For many inventors, the marketing stage often starts with a prototype to prove that the product works satisfactorily, and whats more, works safely. The greater a models perfection, the greater the chances of selling a license to a manufacturer. But a professional prototype, as ratiocination to the final product as possible, can rapidly become extremely expensive. integrity fantastic and catchpenny(prenominal) alternative to a physical prototype is a computerized model. Basically, it amounts to modelling the invention from all angles on a computer, with self-running commentary, demons trations and animation of all the inventions functions. The diskette or ZIP disk can be duplicated in as many copies as needed, and sent via regular mail.The computerized prototype can also be loaded onto a video tape and copies made. Busy executives prospective investors, licensees or buyers seem, however, to prefer a diskette which is easy to put into the computer, in addition to the fact that most offices do not have a TV and VCR. The video tape would seem more appropriate when presenting an invention at an exhibition or fair.On the subject of invention shows, let me stress in passing that realistic exhibitions exist already. One of IFIAs members, the Hungarian Association of Inventors, unconstipated launched an international competition of inventions come through March with a virtual jury, each member sitting serenely in front of his/her computer screen, somewhere around the world.lighbulbInternet.jpg (1394 bytes)With the computer age upon us, we are also moving slowly bu t surely away from the traditional penning system of filing patent applications to the newelectronic filing system a rapid and punk transmission system of text and image data.Patent Offices are now engaged in preparing the necessary tools to assist inventors and other applicants in this form of electronic commerce. Naturally, their Web sites will have to provide connect to reference material, technical guidelines and instructions on filing applications.The Patent Cooperation Treaty ( share), administered by the World ingenious Property Organization (WIPO) in Geneva, provides inventors and industry with an advantageous route for obtaining patent protection worldwide. Starting from January 1, 1999, the PCT is offering a reduction of US$ 200 (two hundred) for every electronic filing. Thats quite an hike to use this systemHowever, no system is perfect. It still remains a fact that Patent Offices are faced with serious technical issues related to information security. Namely How t o ensure the security and authenticity of the transmission and sub of unpublished therefore confidential data? The next question to arise is Who will be responsible in case of third- caller intrusions? The Patent Office? or the applicant?Because of the international nature of the patent system, it has been decided recently that all information security issues will be examined in the framework of WIPO.To best(p) understand some of the many issues involved, I would like to give two examples as described in a WIPO document discussed a few days ago in Geneva any exchange between applicants and examiners requires excellent levels of security and data privacy. Furthermore, many of these activities require some assurance of the identity of one party or another(prenominal). For example, if an applicant is exchanging information with an examiner, the examiner unavoidably to know that the individual is indeed true to provideinformation, (e.g. proof of identity), and the applicant need s to be confident that he or she is indeed in contact with a patent examiner and not a clever hacker. The exchange of priority documents provides another interesting example. If a priority document is to be exchanged in electronic form, it needs to be validated by the originating party. In other words, the document needs to be signed to demonstrate its authenticity, it needs to have a guaranteed time stamp associated with the transaction, preferably by a third party (to prevent presumed or actual forgery of dates and times), and it needs to have some guarantee of accuracy, so that a party obtaining the document can tell if tampering occurredlighbulbInternet.jpg (1394 bytes)Every now and then we hear some people say, Theres hardly anything left to invent. Everything has been invented already. What a silly remark You can be certain that inventors will continue inventing, and new discoveries will be made, right up to the very last minute before the world comes to an end But to return t o today, with the computer age, the possibilities of invention are deathless and in all possible fields.It has also been said that the computer will eventually invent the inventor. By that I mean that one day, the computer will replace the inventor. Up to a point, I essential agree but only to a certain extent. You can feed the computer with billions of data. One has even beaten a world chess champion. Nevertheless, the computer has no humanity, no imagination, no sensitivity or affectivity, and no inherent wisdom. Can it smell the perfume of a rose? interpret the color of a sunrise? Can it caress the cheek of a child? or savor the taste of Hong Kongs dim sum? Above all its a machine a fantastic machine but remember, its only a machine.So lets not make a new god out of the computer, as some tend to do. But rather use its possibilities to a maximum and through it, try quite simply to build a better world. That should be our motto.

Global Warming Fact or Fiction Essay

Throughout their history, macrocosm have witnessed all the environmental imbalances they have created in the world. The unstoppable technological advances of the world have greatly contributed to the enhancement of economic progress and improvement of the quality of sustenance. However, the phenomenal growth of the economy and the increase of the standards of aliment atomic number 18 achieved at the expense of environmental destruction that is pressing the contemporary society.Hence, as valet de chambre beings are the ones responsible for taking care of and preserving nature, they should impose certain limitations in their attempts to acquire economic progress in order to protect the environment. The pivotal change in the composition of the realms atmospheric agent gave birth to the term international thawing, leaving the whole world unnerved of the damages it is currently causing and will continue to slip. However, we should consider if global thawing is true or a mere a ftermath of our imagination. Some scientists argue that what we are experiencing right now is a natural occurrence and is a take time off of the globes climate cycle.Theorists believed that the earth is currently undergoing climate cycle, wherein the planet cools then heats up. Scientists pointed out that 75 million geezerhood ago, the earth experienced ten degrees higher than todays temperature, but still, life was sustained. On the other(a) hand, there is a strong evidence that global heat is not a natural phenomenon but is a result of human activities. global melting is progressing at a speedy pace, with its damaging make leading the world more and more to its destruction (Hopwood and Cohen).Thus, this paper aims to present schooling that supports the claim that global warming is a fact and is threatening human life. ball-shaped warming is considered as the worst dilemma faced by humans as a result of their constant except of the environment. Global warming developed t hrough the increase releases of the noxious nursery gases resulting in an increase on the temperature of the earths surface (SciDev. Net). Global warming renders a variety of changes that affects the environment and the quality of life.As a result of humankinds neglect and carelessness, the Earth is now experiencing extreme shifts in temperature which result in heat waves, irregular weather conditions, and rapid unfreezing of icecaps and glaciers dictated at the two opposite poles of the earth. As the ice caps and glaciers melt, the sea level bob ups, resulting in occurrences of coastal flooding. Causes of Global change The main cause of global warming is the widespread emission of greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are the natural blanket of the Earth located in the atmosphere. It traps some of the light to keep the surface warmer.Over the century, the Earths surface temperature increased by . 5 degrees Celsius and it was believed that this was due to the increased on the con centration of the main greenhouse gases, which are coulomb dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorocarbons (Hopwood and Cohen). The natural phenomenon was named greenhouse effect because it has a similar effect created by the glass panes of a greenhouse. The greenhouse traps the heat inside preventing large amounts of heat to go outside. The greenhouse gases selectively transmit infrared rays emitted by the sun.It traps some of the waves and permits some to travel in space. The greenhouse gases then bounce the infrared rays put up on the lower atmosphere causing the increase in temperature (Hopwood and Cohen). Carbon dioxide is one of the main components of the greenhouse gases. It is produced and emitted in the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide is emitted when humans exhale, when fossil fuels burn for energy, and through the deforestation of the planet (Hopwood and Cohen). The lighting of carbon dioxide is a biological function among humans an d other animals which have a similar respiratory system.Fossil fuels are formed through the decay of the plants and animals a thousand social classs ago. People utilize these fossil fuels in the form of coal, oil, and natural gas to create a publish of electricity, to heat their homes, and to run their cars. The fossil fuels contain carbon which, when burned, mixes with oxygen, resulting in the formation of carbon dioxide (Hopwood and Cohen). Other greenhouse gases accumulate in the earths atmosphere due to the negligence of stack. As they continue to attain for economic progress, they reinforce the causes of the environmental dilemma that can lead the planet to its destruction (Hopwood and Cohen).Deforestation is another(prenominal) cause of the production of carbon dioxide. Deforestation occurs though logging for lumber, pulpwood and fuel wood. Another factor modify on deforestation is farming new land, which involves developing forests into farmlands and pastures. Deforestat ion takes away trees that absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. The less number of trees in the forest, the less carbon dioxide will be processed and made operational in the atmosphere (Hopwood and Cohen). Thus, global warming is caused by humans unstoppable emission of noxious gases on the earths atmosphere and the denuding of forests.At present, the status of global warming is progressing, rendering detrimental make to the planet and its inhabitants. Effects of Global Warming The increase of the amount of greenhouse gases present in the earths atmosphere has negative implications on the earths environmental mechanism. These effects only designate the existence of the environmental dilemma. Due to global warming, the planet is experiencing imbalances our environmental processes. The earth is suffering from heat waves, emergent unusual shifts in weather, and changes in precipitation patterns.The odd patterns of precipitation reinforced by the rise of the sea level result in coastal flooding and take away the land where people live. This condition induces migration, causing the race of the inland cities to escalate (Global Warming Early Warning Signs). Global warming also has a direct effect on our earths hydrosphere. The increase in temperature contributes to the rise of sea level. The rise of the earths waters results from the expansion of water due to heating and the melt of glaciers and ice caps in the North and South poles (Raper and Braithwaite 311).Global warming also affects the daily lives and lifestyle of the people. It also causes a twine of events that raises extreme concern from environmentalists who are anticipating the worst scenarios resulting from this environmental issue (Hopwood and Cohen). Global warming renders both negative and positive effects in our agriculture. As for its benefits to agriculture, global warming helps to increase food production. Since one of the determinants of agriculture is climate, it is suggested that h eating is better than cooling. Moreover, carbon dioxide is one of the essential factors needed by plants in making their own food.As the temperature rises, more farmlands will be available on the poles and the length of the increment season will be prolong. However, extreme rise in the temperature will cause drought that affects our crops. extremely hot temperatures also prevent some of the crops to be planted due to the adherence of the climate (Hopwood and Cohen). Global warming also raises various health concerns. One of the most obvious effects on health is directly through heat. As the temperature of the earth continues to increase, more people will suffer from heatstroke, heart ailments, and other illnesses exacerbated by heat (Hopwood and Cohen).In addition to this, it was stated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate deepen (IPCC) that climate change develops a wide array of adverse effects on human health, resulting in significant loss of human lives. As temperature increases at the earths poles, pests and insects migrate toward these areas. Some of these insects and pests hunt diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever, which could lead to an increase in the number of cases documented each year (Hopwood and Cohen).Thus, if the current situation will not be addressed, global warming is foreseen to create a chain of negative implications such as the spread of diseases, occurrence of droughts and fires, heavy rainfall, flora and fauna range shift, and population changes (Global Warming Early Warning Signs). Conclusion The environment is continuously violated and destructed as people strive to achieve industrialization, economic progress, and improvement of the quality of human life. As a result, global warming has emerged as an alarming dilemma that stems from our negligence and exploitation of the earths natural resources.Thus, global warming is not a product of our imagination but a product of our continued destruction of the environment. Glob al warming is brought about by the escalated concentration of greenhouse gases, causing the earths temperature to increase as the gases trap infrared waves and bounce them back to the earth. The increased concentration of the greenhouse gases result from the neglectful emission of components that comprise the noxious greenhouse gases. Carbon dioxide, the main component of the greenhouse gases, accumulates in the atmosphere as the amount of carbon dioxide recycled is reduced.Deforestation is one of the causes of the increased in the concentration of the harmful gases on the earths atmosphere. Global warming brings about various effects on the environment, human health, and peoples lifestyle. Although global warming has some advantages, such as prolonging the growing (of plants) season, it produces more negative implications. For instance, it can cause the spread of various diseases, the occurrence of droughts and wildfires, the unusual patterns of precipitation, and considerable shif ts on the flora and fauna distribution.The sad legality is that global warming exists and continues to progress as we constantly neglect our environment. The current rate of its development causes concerns to arise, and the effects we are currently experiencing are proof of its threatening presence. Hence, as global warming continues to threaten human lives, attention and action are extremely needed not only to resolve the growing problems caused by global warming, but also to prevent further damages to the planet and its inhabitants.Works Cited Global Warming Early Warning Signs. 1999.Retrieved whitethorn 8 2008 from http//www. climatehotmap. org/. Hopwood, Nick and Jordan Cohen. Greenhouse Gases and Society. University of Michigan. 1998. 18 July 2008 . Raper, Sarah C. B, and Roger J. Braithwaite. Low Sea direct Rise Projection from Mountain Glaciers Icecaps under Global Warming. Nature 439 (19 January 2006) 311-313. SciDev. Net. Global Warming. Climate Change and Energy. 2008 . May 8 2008 .

The Supreme Court Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Supreme Court - Assignment ExampleThis is a clear indication that both choose equal protection of the law regarding the rights that human beings should enjoy. This decision overrules the one offered by Plessy v Ferguson that allowed segregation in state- sponsored schools. The state should not provide separate educational facilities based on race since all tribe are equal, they should receive equal treatment. The court ruled de Jure segregation as a violation of compare Protection Clause of the Constitution of the United States. This crucial f feignor paves way for the civil rights movements and integration (Losco and Baker, 2011, p. 15). incredulity 2 Why do liberals correspond health insurance to cover laws such as stillbirth restrictions while favoring laws that require contraception? Answer Liberals feel that spontaneous abortion is a personal choice that commonwealth should not interfere with since it involves a womans body, her future, and personal health. Liberals feel that the life of children and parents is better when abortion is legal. This is because it prevents women from undertaking desperate measures to obtain illegal abortions. Provided abortion happens in a medically controlled environment with proper(ip) medical practitioners, then it should not be restricted. In areas where people have limited knowledge concerning contraceptives and sex education, abortion is necessary to control families in a state. Abortion is necessary in cases of rape, where the health of a woman is in risk, incest, congenital disorder, and financial constraints. Liberals require health insurance to cover the laws favoring contraception since they run for a significant role in reduction of abortions (Losco and Baker, 2011, p. 19). An favourable action is an action that favors those who tend to acquire from discrimination. drumhead 3 How can family, peers and school influence someones opinion on affirmative action? (6 points) Answer Families influence the affirmative action that one takes in a situation. The close bandage and relationship that exists between family members influences a persons decision. This bond forces people to weigh things differently and act accordingly to appease them. Peer pressure and school withal influence a persons affirmative action. In schools, teachers discourage discrimination as it leads to conflict among individuals. The law of a state also does not give room for discrimination making its practice a violation of law, which should face direction (Losco and Baker, 2011, p. 27). Peer pressure is tremendously influential, as one tends to act the way peer friends act. Depending on the take aim of education of the peer group and their beliefs, the group interferes with the decision that one makes. The group might affect a person positively or negatively, and hence, every person has a responsibility to ensure that the effect is to their advantage. Question 4 Why did the Dred Scott decision make the civ ilian War more likely and lead to the fourteenth Amendment of the US Constitution? (7 points) Answer The Dred Scott decision is a ruling of the Supreme Court that the people of African descent could never become U. S. citizens. The court ruled the slaves as private property and, hence, led to Civil war. The slaves are people just like the citizens and oppose the way the citizens treat them as chattels. This gave them the motivation to oppose slavery since even in freed states the free slaves enjoyed the rights of citizens. From the opposition experienced, the government found an amendment that is

Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Assignment 2 - Essay Exampleve with regard to what calculating machine systems their software runs on and what computer systems it does not through sabotaging the Max OS X operating system.The situation with apple is more abstruse and deserves a more concrete explanation. orchard apple tree produces an operating system which is supposed to only run on machines which are made by Apple. In recent times, Apple moved to the Intel processors and along with this move, it left the entry open for other companies to use the same motherboard and chips to provide mackintosh clones. One such company is Psystar, which has produced computers cut Mac OS X at rates which are much cheaper than comparative Apple computers. The exclusivity of Mac OS X running on Apple made machines is therefore under threat and it is likely that Apple would want to put a stop to this.At the same time, there have been chat up rulings which hold that a software publisher cant require you to run an operating system on a specific type of hardware (Himowitz, 2008, Pg. 1). However, there is nothing stopping Apple from releasing an update to its Mac OS X system which stops the computer from running if an unauthorized system is detected. Essentially, Apple can al miens debauch the usurper by issuing updates that wont run on the outsider machine, or that disable it (Himowitz, 2008, Pg. 1).Here, sabotage may be entirely legal and the only result of the sabotage would be that a lot of the people using Psystar created Apple computers could be left holding the bag. Apple has done the same in the past with its iPhone devices which were hacked to run on wireless carriers other than the ones licensed by Apple. The laws and the ethics concerning this topic need to be defined further since once a buyer has purchased a device or has bought a piece of software it should be permissible for them to use it any way they like. Apple should not be able to sabotage an iPhone which is not being used in the modal va lue Apple would like to see it being used. If Apple